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Monday, April 8, 2013

My notes to review for final. The brief overview of Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, and Epicurus.

1. Socrates Socratic method of teaching: 1) to convince the other of his ignorance; 2) to own a true search for the answer. But sophists believed that 1) deservingness could be taught; 2) there is no common acquaintance. Socrates ethical principle: 1) virtue is knowledge/ wisdom. Virtue - excellence, adept at doing smth.

Plato expands virtue is knowledge 1) with psychology; parts of the soul, separate from each other: a) cerebrate - desire for knowledge (head); b) spirited part, emotions, love, envy, shame (heart); c) appetites - desire for food, drink, switch on (stomach). He bases this principle on the law of non-contradiction; P (any statement) & amp; not p cant both be true. (If chalk is white, it cant be black. 2) talks ab push through classes of society a) rulers dont have family; b) warriors, auxiliaries - carry out the policies and defend the society; c) craftsmen.

For P. ideal person is mostly uses indicate and controls his appetites, but is not taken by appetites. Justice - consent in the unity, in the soul and society. Justice is based on reason supported by emotions and appetites. Virtues: wisdom, courage, temperance, and justice.

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Rulers need to know where the ripe(p) is - Divided Line

Knowledge: 1) infallible, always true; 2) based upon humankind; 3) knowledge on one thing relies on things that are unique and unchanging. Opinion: 1) may be true or false because it is 2) based on appearances - may change; 3) entrust on things that are many and changing. Good is like a sun: 1) allows sight; 2) creator & sustainer of disembodied spirit in visible world; 3) purpose to life. Soul exists in particular part of our body

2. Aristotle A. believes that happiness is the end and most slew say that happiness includes pleasure that may be good or...

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