Explanation of how alcohol is metabolised in a human body Essay

Explanation of how alcohol is metabolised in a human body - Essay Example Acetaldehyde is a poison that is related to formaldehyde. The acetyl acid is a component of vinegar and its radical is the combining form of the acid. The acetyl acid radical combines with Coenzyme A in the formation of acetyl-CoA that goes into the Krebs Cycle that acts as the basic powerhouse in the body of a human being. In the Krebs Cycle, the acetyl acid radical is broken down into water and carbon dioxide. The figure below shows how alcohol is metabolized in a human body When metabolizing alcohol, the human body uses three different enzymes to convert alcohol into acetaldehyde. All the three enzymes work in their different ways to strip two hydrogen atoms from the alcohol molecule. This process converts the alcohol molecule into an acetaldehyde molecule. The acetaldehyde is converted to acetyl radical by a different enzyme. The three enzymes include the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), cytochrome P450 (CYP2E1), and catalase enzymes. The three enzymes are found in different parts of the body and handle the hydrogen atoms in different ways. Non-liver tissues, such as the brain metabolize alcohol with Cytochrome and catalase enzymes (Starr, et al., 2008, p. 103). It has been found that some people get intoxicated more than others do, for instance between men and women, East Asians and American Indians, older males, menopausal women and people with liver damage among others. The reason behind this is that women have much lesser alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme in the stomach compared to men. Therefore, women get drunk more than men do when they drink the same amount of alcohol under same conditions. In terms of East Asians and American Indians, they produce ALD2*2 that is less efficient in converting acetaldehyde compared to ALD2. They also have a more efficient alcohol dehydrogenase than any other genetic background. Older males produce less alcohol dehydrogenase and are likely to be more intoxicated than younger men are. Hormone changes in menopausal women make the m become more intoxicated. Therefore, more or less intoxication can be attributed to the production of less or more alcohol dehydrogenase and ALD2*2. This factor is important in traffic accidents because a person may consume a less amount of alcohol but because his body mechanism produces less alcohol dehydrogenase, he or she will become drunk and likely cause an accident. This applies similarly to people who produce ALD2*2 that is less effective in breaking down acetaldehyde. The Breathalyzer is used in measuring the amount of alcohol found in a person’s breath. A Breathalyzer works works in a similar manner to the diabetic testing strips or pool testing kits. It contains a collection gadget; that is, a straw that is attached to a cylinder. The cylinder has two vials that have a solution of potassium dichromate, silver nitrate, sulfuric acid and water. The person being tested blows air into the straw for about 2 to 4 seconds. The air goes through the vials where the silver n itrate will act as a catalyst to initiate and fasten the process. The sulfuric acid eliminates the alcohol from the air and produces the acidic condition that enables the next process to go on. The alcohol is then absorbed into the liquid solution where the potassium dichromate breaks it down into chromium sulfate, acetic acid, water and potassium sulfate. This process causes a color change. The chromium ion is green while the dichromate ion is reddish orange. The color change reflects the amount of alc

Planning and Decision Making Essay Example for Free

Planning and Decision Making Essay Planning and decision-making are critical processes for effective police administration because: (1) planning is the first step to the effective operation and good management of a police department; (2) planning is the essential element of decision –making; (3) effective planning can eliminate or reduce potential catastrophe resulting from manmade and natural disasters; (4) decision making can usually be described in three types of theoretical models rational, incremental, and heuristic none of which defines all of the elements and factors that affect every decision; (5) the decisions individuals make during crisis situations often define their leadership abilities and, in some cases, their career success; (6) police administrators rarely act alone and most decision making within a police department is conducted at the group level; and (7) decision making is rarely perfect, and is often marred by individual and group weakness that can be identified and hence, avoided. (Swanson, 2012) Yes I agree on my topic with what the author is talking about, because planning and decision making from personal experience is very big. Making decision is very stressful at times that will lead to depression that comes with giving up and frustration that might makes you uncertain of making the best choice. Planning is the most basic function of management. It preceded other functions because a manager plans before he acts. Planning involves determination the objectives and selecting courses of action that will lead to the achievement of predetermined objectives. I don’t like to plan because I get over my head, and too excited and can’t wait for the day to come.

The Uniqueness Of The American Constitution Essay example -- essays re

The Uniqueness of the American Constitution We the People of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. This document, written more than 200 years ago is still the backbone that allows America to be an example of freedom and righteousness to the rest of the world.   Unlike any other government doctrine, the Constitution has remained an active governing force through the changes of American society.   It allows its citizens the basic freedom of human beings and does not infringe on one's individuality.   In its uniqueness, the Constitution not only gives freedom but also protects its people economically, religiously, politically, and socially. Power is a delicate element and the Constitution is careful in defining where certain powers lie.   One of the novelties about this doctrine is that it does a clever job of dividing certain powers between the state and federal governments.   Monetary units, for example, are issued exclusively by the federal government.   This is not only more convenient for traveling purposes, but also allows for a more 'united' spirit.   People in California can easily view a commercial for a product affiliated with New York without having to translate the cost or watch the television screen ...

Evaluating Historical Views of Leadership Essay

The process of evaluating historical aspects of leadership involved critically analyzing the commonalities and disparities among a group of influential leaders, such as Thomas Carlyle, Mohandas Gandhi, Niccolo Machiavelli and W.E.B Du Bois. Carlyle (1795-1881), a Scottish historian emphasized the importance of heroism that required men to be subordinated to the commander of men (Wren, 1995 p.53). Further analysis of the evaluation revealed theories of Gandhi and Machiavelli which produced evidence of conflicting viewpoints on the topic of violence among historical leaders throughout the ages. Gandhi‘s leadership style was against any acts of violence. He focused on using spiritual guidance to solve problems. Machiavelli’s leadership style believed in having mercy but also defending yourself if necessary. W.E.B Du Bois’s leadership style focused on educating black men to be great leaders. Each leader’s theories on the quality of acceptable leadership were different, yet acceptable in their communities, however, each leader presented various methods of effective leadership abilities, which will influence other leaders as they develop their theories. Commonalities and Disparities Thomas Carlyle, believed that the commander of men was superior, and all men were to be subordinated. Carlyle focused on the theory that leaders who exhibited themselves in a dignified manner embodied the qualities of a great leader (Carlyle, 1795-1881; Wren, 1995, p.53). Carlyle also emphasized that heroism existed in whoever embodied the spiritual qualities of a commander. Further examination of Carlyle’s leadership theory revealed that he believed that a leader who is a nobleman can be trusted by all people (Carlyle, 1795-1881; Wren, 1995, p.53). Niccolo Machiavelli’s theory of a leader was  described as someone who can lead men whether they abided by or disobey the law. Machiavelli also believed that leaders who can establish authority can be merciful, humane, but cautious. Mohandas Gandhi theory believed leaders should operate using self- control and discipline. Gandhi also described a powerful leader as someone who uses passive resistance (Gandhi, 1869-1984; Machiavelli, 1469-1527; Wren, 1995, p.68 &75). Finally W.E.B Du Bois was an advocate for educating black men, and he placed great emphasize on how education involved the training of one’s mind, body and surroundings (Du Bois, 1868-1963; Wren, 1995, p.78). Du Bois theory on learning is that people can be influenced by their surrounds and motivated by different groups of people. Critical Analysis After completing the commonalities and disparities involving three great leaders my critical evaluation has led me to the conclusion that even though these leaders embody the characteristic to be excellent facilitators and commanders, each leader lacks the ability to use effective communication skills. Previous research has suggested that the lack of communication can be confusing, misunderstanding and lethal. For example, Emperor Frederick 13th century ruler of the Holy Roman Empire conducted research to determine what language mankind had spoken at birth. The experiment involved isolating infants from hearing any communication until they spoke their first words. However, as a result of the experiment the babies died (Samata, 2012). Further studies have concluded that leaders who implement communication skills can establish their existence and define their image, but leaders who fail to communicate effectively and positively, risk damaging their reputation (Samata, 2012). Effective leadership requires leaders to be competent communicators, which is achieved by using clear and concise communication (Adubato, 2010). Furthermore, leaders who can use communication skills effectively, are able to comprehend and express ideas (Ringer, 2002; Tareq, 2008). Achieving effective oral communication skills requires leaders to limit words and phrases, which results in explaining their concepts and ideas. Levinson also states, leaders who use too many words have a tendency to ramble about non-relevant issues, however summarizing the main points, staying focused and avoiding distractions helps leaders discipline what information is relevant, resulting in  translating their thoughts into a profitable action faster (1968). Effective communication requires leaders to be prepared, organized and observant, giving leaders the ability to execute their message successfully (Showry & Manasa, 2012). Conclusion. By evaluating the leadership styles of historical leaders, I was able to understand how their theories influenced people throughout the ages. Carlyle, Gandhi, Machiavelli, and DuBois were all very influential leaders during their times in history. However, after comparing their similarities and disparities in theory and style, it is apparent that Carlyle viewpoints on what a great leader should be is entirely different from the perspectives of Gandhi, Machiavelli, and DuBois. Carlyle emphasized that all men should being entirely subordinate to their commander, and Gandhi believed in spirituality and taught leaders to focus on positive concepts. Machiavelli used a more drastic approach that required him to be prudent, be observant and maintain authority. Du Bois believed that black men should be educated. Further observation revealed that, even though, each leader embodied leadership qualities, using effective communication skills are essential to providing leaders with better communication technique, making the message clear and concise. Leaders have the ability to achieve effective communication skills by limiting their words and stating the main facts. Finally leaders who can improve communication skills, can empower people, and maintain stability. Reference Adubato, S. (2010). Communication is key to effective office team building. NJBIZ, 23(27), 9. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/644992473?accountid=35812 Levinson, R. E. (1968). How to get through to people. Industrial Management, 10(5), 11. Ringer, R. (2002, Jul 28). Communication skills valued by employers. Pantagraph Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/252480712?accountid=35812 Tareq, N. A. (2008, Mar 06). Affective communication skills. Yemen Times Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/429795478?accountid=35812 Samata, P. (2012). Importance of Effective Communication Skills. Language In India, 12(10), 333-341. Showry, M., & Manasa, K. (2012). Effective Communication for Professional Excellence. IUP Journal of Soft Skills, 6(1), 39-46. Wren, J. T. (1995). The Leader’s Companion: Insight on leadership through the ages. Carlyle, T. The Hero as King (pp.53-54) New York, NY: The Free Press. Wren, J. T. (1995). The Leader’s Companion: Insight on leadership through the ages. Du Bois, W .E.B. The Talented Tenth (pp.78-80) New York, NY: The Free Press. Wren, J. T. (1995). The Leader’s Companion: Insight on leadership through the ages. Gandhi, M. Satyagraha (pp.72-77) New York, NY: The Free Press. Wren, J. T. (1995). The Leader’s Companion: Insight on leadership through the ages. Machiavelli, N. How Princes Should Keep Faith (pp.67-68) New York, NY: The Free Press.

The Challenges for Informatics in Developing Software for Modern Multikernel Computers

The challenges for Informatics in developing software for modern multikernel computers Abstract The purpose of this post is to examine the introduction of  parallel computing and the challenges of software development  for Parallel execution environment. First I will introduce the idea of parallel computing and up next I will present and evaluate the challenges of parallel computing along with their solutions and finally some conclusion will be drawn. Vertical & Horizontal Development in ComputingThe question arise when we are thinking about how the  complex scientific problems  of the twenty-first century including climate modeling, genomic research and artificial intelligence are testing the limits of the Von Neumann model of sequential processing. In the past, computer scientists worked on the new approach to extend the  power of computers in vertical manner, this means that they were working on producing huge super computers but with recent advances in technology and re ducing cost of resources and arrival of multi kernel processing has helped us to think about new ways to solve huge and complex problem in parallel manners.Introduction to parallel computing For the most part, along with a host of new research questions that have arisen in the last decade, there remains a significant challenge today. Parallel processing  offers the promise of providing the computational speed required to solve important large-scale problems. In fact, parallel processing requires a big shift in how we think to solve the problem. Regardless of new hardware technologies, we should think about the new approach of developing software systems and also the way we think about our problem and presenting our solution. (Design and Analysis of Computer Algorithms).Challenges of parallel computing For the sake of applying the power and flexibility of multi-core processors, we should think about a new approach to  breakdown huge problems  into smaller elements. A better ill ustration of parallel processing occurs when a divide and conquer model is used to solve a task. In this approach the problem is successively partitioned into smaller and smaller parts and sent off to other processors, until each one has only a trivial job to perform. Each processor then completes that trivial operation and returns its result to the processor that sent the task.These processors in turn do a little work and give the results   back to the processors that gave them the tasks, and so on, all the way back to the originating processor. In this model there is far more communications between processors. n the next step, we should think about how to express our program which can be executable in a parallel computing environment. Functional Programming plays a vital role in this area, since it provide programmer to solve their issue in functional manner rather than sequential processing.There are simple principles in functional programming such as avoiding Mutable states, L ambdas, Closures and more importantly declarative paradigm which help programmers to free their mind about concurrency, synchronization, Race Condition and other multi core computation issues. Although parallel  functional programming  helps us to represent our program in declarative manner in order to be applicable for parallel execution, but the problem is remain unsolved without thinking about how we can manage data in parallel computing environment.Industrial Revolution of Data – Age of Big Data We’re now entering into new age of computing named as â€Å"Industrial Revolution of Data†. In fact, the majority of data will be produced automatically by different kinds of machine such as software logs, video cameras, RFID, wireless sensors and so on. Due to the considerable decrease in cost of computer resources, storing those data is so cheap, so companies tend to collect and store them in huge data warehouse for future when it can be mined for valuable info rmation.The  Big Data now comes to play, working with such distributed, huge and complex data would be impossible or better to say inefficient with existing software and databases system. We should think about other approaches for storing large set of data which is stored in different computers and in the next step effectively mining and executing queries from those sources. Perhaps the biggest game-changer to come along is  MapReduce, the parallel programming framework that has gained prominence thanks to its use at web search companies.The research in parallel computing has had the most success and influence in parallel databases. In fact, instead of breaking out a large problem into smaller element execute by different threads simultaneously, parallel database help us to store, querying and retrieve data from distributed resources over network effectively. MapReduce as Parallel Programming Framework MapReduce  algorithm is invented by Google to cope with Big Data in their s earch engine system. In fact, MapReduce is containing two simple primitives function which are available in Lisp and also in other functional languages.The computation include two basic operation, a map operation which execute on input records containing key/value pairs, and then invoking a reduce operation which collect and aggregate all responses from different nodes. There are many different Implementations in different programming languages which are exist and used in industry for processing large set of data. In fact, most of  NoSQL databases  use this algorithm for collecting data from different sources in distributed heterogeneous environment. The biggest advantage of MapReduce is that it allows for distributed processing of map and reduction function.In fact, it allows us, to collect and process distributed data stored in different machine simultaneously. Conclusion Parallel computing  can help us to solve hug complex problem in more efficient way. In order to parallel ize our task we should think about different challenges which we cope in developing software for parallel execution environment. However, we should bear in mind that parallel computing is useful when we are facing with a big problem which can distributed among different computing agents. In addition, we should deeply think about the  nature of problem,  time  as well as  limits  and  costs  of Parallel Programming.

buy custom Anton Chekhov’s The Bet essay

buy custom Anton Chekhov’s The Bet essay I. Thesis Statement A. The lawyer, in Anton Chekovs The Bet, experienced a drastic mental, physical and spiritual transformation as a result of the voracious reading he engaged in while carrying out a bet that mandated fifteen years of self-isolation. II. Body: Main Idea A. Careful examination of Anton Chekhovs The Bet reveals that the lawyer experienced six definitive stages, as his choice in books changed throughout the fifteen years of his self-isolation. 1. Stage 1: The lawyers first stage occurred during his initial year of self-isolation, where he read books that were light in character, such as romance novels and fantastical stories (Chekhov 2). The lawyer primarily changed mentally during this period. Through examination of his writings, observers inferred that he was severely lonely and depressed (Chekhov 2). During this stage, the lawyer deprived himself of wine and cigarettes. It is quite possible that his loneliness and depression were exacerbated by his reading of romantic and fantastical books, which typically depict intense and passionate human interactions. Indeed, it is quite possible that reading about love and fantasy could have caused the recently isolated lawyer to yearn for the social interactions he had enjoyed during his previous twenty-five years of life. During this stage, the lawyer did not play the piano. While the story did not explicitly state the reason for the silent nature of thi stage, it can be assumed that reading such deep and philosophical books caused the lawyer to prefer silence as he pondered his thoughts. Perhaps Chekhov included this stage in the lawyers metamorphosis to comment on the mental decay that may occur when an individual does not read! In stark contrast to the third stage, the lawyer was depicted as being happy and a connected to the entire world, past and present. The lawyer seemed to enjoy this stage immensely because of his acquisition of new languages, which allowed him to find commonalities that great men throughout history shared (Chekhov 3). During this most impactful stage, it appears that the lawyer became truly able to transcend his physical isolation from people and re-connect with the outside world in a way that he had never done before. The banker, who viewed the Gospel as simplistic, viewed the lawyers engrossment in it to be strange, considering that the lawyer was capable of reading more complicated books (Chekhov 3). Becoming eclectic in his literary tastes leads one to assume that the lawyers transformation was complete. Through extensive reading, the lawyer had transformed from a worldly man into a man that renounced superficialities. Evidence for this statement can be extracted from the lawyers letter that the banker read at the end of the story (Chekhov 4). In the letter, the lawyer ecstatically claimed that he acquired great wisdom during his fifteen years of isolation (Chekhov 4-5)). 2. Stage 2: The lawyers second stage occurred during his second year of isolation, where he read classic literature from ancient Greek and Latin societies (Chekhov 2). 3. Stage 3: The third stage of the lawyers transformation began in the fifth year of his self-isolation and lasted for one and a half years. During this time period, he did not read (Chekhov 2). a. This stage was marked by sloth-like behavior, where he simply laid around, drank, ate, talked angrily to himself and cried (Chekhov 2). 4. Stage 4: The lawyers fourth stage was the longest of the six. This stage lasted from year 6.5 to 10 (Chekhov 3). It was during this time period in which he immersed himself in languages, philosophy and history and read over 600 books. 5. Stage 5: The lawyers fifth stage ranged from years ten to thirteen and was a time of religious curiosity. The lawyer was depicted as constantly reading the Gospel in a stoic and pensive manner (Chekhov 3). 6. Stage 6: During the last of his six evolutionary stages the lawyer spent his final two years reading anything and everything he could (Chekhov 3). III. Conclusion A. The lawyer in Anton Chekhovs The Bet gained wisdom and freedom for solitude during his fifteen year isolation because of his ever-evolving reading tastes. Chekhovs story prophetically demonstrates that a voracious reader is never alone in his mind, even when he is by himself! Buy custom Anton Chekhov’s The Bet essay

Ibrahim Hassan Essays - Thought, Marxist Theory, Critical Theory

Ibrahim Hassan Essays - Thought, Marxist Theory, Critical Theory Ibrahim Hassan DAVID SKINNER COMN1000 16 October 2017 IDEOLOGY ideology which shows the concept of human motive and why humans take action. anyone that is born in society will have specific ideals of the worldview and other concepts. the concept of ideology has been here since the beginning of time and has been why the human race keeps on evolving. The word was created by combining two wordsidea, fromGreek (a sense similar to john Locke) and-logy, fromlogos which meant to study something or a branch of something .the word was created during the french revoultion which later on had different meanings.Ideology theOxford English Dictionarydefines the term "ideology" as "the science of ideas" or the "department of philosophy or psychology that deals with the origin and nature of ideas. Also, can be put as Ideologyis a comprehensive set ofnormativebeliefs,conscious andunconsciousideas, that drives an individual, group or society has. A more basic definition of the term ideology can be derived from Marx's idea that social beings are confined to an array of unconsciousness motive; such that "they do not know it, but they are doingit". Ideology is a very important element in today's media due to globalization where as more and different ideals are brought about and shared amongst people. these deals are which influence groups, movements and even society itself. Thesis statement What is the usefulness of ideology in media and communication studies. Ideology as its all known as views and perspective of a society or beliefs of an individual. To also understand the ideology and its usefulness in media we need to understand the importance of media and what media is Mediais the collectivecommunication outlets or tools that are used tostoreand deliverinformationordata. As defined Media is how different information is shared but what type of information is shared in media this is when ideology plays its part, it brings about the word "DIFFERENT". Information and data are always different people have different perspective about life which brings about different information and data. Media and ideology are not easy terms to separate and define, because each word helps to define another. Media ideologies are the "set of beliefs" that each individual user has when using media. These media ideologies are sometimes turned into idioms of practice when a community implicit ly or explicitly defines and adheres to certain rules of using media (DOMINANT IDEOLOGY). Dominant ideology tries to show how different people can still have some similarities or shows how different people can still have the same ideology for example how must people represent red as a color of danger or how roses and chocolates show a sign of love or how a good "American" family represents a husband wife, son and daughter (the Simpsons). These are what majority of people think and how the label or represent things because it's a social norm and has already been labelled in the back of our minds due to how media information is transferred from places e.g. Westernization, American ideology can be seen through different types of media outlets like television or radio. ideology and mass media are both concepts which are synonymous with the processes and perspectives of modernity. ANNOTATED BIBLOGRAHPHY Berger, Arthur Asa. Media and communication research methods: An introduction to qualitative and quantitative approaches. Sage Publication Both authors and researchers in this study used data of communication and media to examine the clusters that are patterned and normatively imbued in concepts and ideas of ideologies, the conceptual plan helps people in the society to navigate the complex situations in their political world and take claims in social justice and truth. Doctrine is a collection of specific contents and ideas which are usually motive. John Corner. Ideology' and media research. Published December 3, 2015 This commentary reviews the continuing discussion about the use of the concept of ideology' in media research, connecting back to earlier stages of the debate and the problems that developed around its varying usage. It engages with the attempt to reinstate the idea as an organizing concept in the analysis of power, looking at some of the ways in which the media's work in the brokering of power relations remains in need of further understanding. Thompson,John B. Ideology, and modern culture: Critical social theory in the era of mass communication. John Wiley

5 Words and Their Nonantonymic Antonyms

5 Words and Their Nonantonymic Antonyms 5 Words and Their Nonantonymic Antonyms 5 Words and Their Nonantonymic Antonyms By Mark Nichol Some words appear to be antonyms of other words because they consist of one of those words preceded by an antonymic prefix. However, the sense of the prefixed word may be only tangentially related to the root word. Here are some examples of such mismatches: 1. Apprehension/misapprehension: The most common sense of apprehension is of foreboding (â€Å"A cloud of apprehension enveloped her†), and it refers to capture (â€Å"The apprehension of the suspect followed quickly†), but it also means â€Å"perceiving or comprehending,† and it is this sense that applies in the antonym, which means â€Å"misunderstanding.† (The root word, apprehend, is from the Latin word for â€Å"to seize or grasp†; comprehend is related, as is reprehend literally, â€Å"to hold back from grasping† which means â€Å"to disapprove.†) 2. Alliance/misalliance: An alliance (the root word, ally, stems from the Latin word for â€Å"to bind†) is an association between two or more parties. A misalliance is technically defined in the literal antonymic sense of an inappropriate union, but it is seldom used that way; it usually refers to a marriage between mismatched partners. (The French forebear, mesalliance, is even more specific in denoting a person’s romantic liaison with someone beneath them in social standing.) 3. Demeanor/misdemeanor: Demeanor refers to someone’s manner or behavior, but misdemeanor is a legal term for a minor crime (though it can also generically mean simply â€Å"an offense†). By the way, demean, from the Latin word for â€Å"lead,† is the rarely used verb form of the former. The demean we usually employ is a homonym meaning â€Å"to degrade or put down† (from the German word for â€Å"to have in mind†). 4. Fortune/misfortune: Fortune (from the Latin word for â€Å"chance† or â€Å"luck†) has three distinct meanings: â€Å"wealth,† â€Å"destiny,† or â€Å"luck.† Misfortune is antonymic only to the latter sense; it does not refer to a dearth of riches or an absence of fate. 5. Giving/misgiving: Giving is the act of offering something. A misgiving, however, is a doubtful feeling about an impending event. Both words derive from a Scandinavian ancestor, with a Latin near cognate that means â€Å"to have.† The rare verb form misgive means â€Å"to be fearful† or â€Å"to suggest fear or doubt.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Has vs. HadAnyone vs. EveryoneWood vs. Wooden

RESEARCH INVESTIGATION AND PROPOSAL Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

RESEARCH INVESTIGATION AND PROPOSAL - Essay Example During and after the recent financial crisis and recessionary periods in countries where tourism constituted a major proportion of the overall economy, the hotel industry has been severely affected due to loss of market confidence and volatility in exchange rates. The outcome of this phenomenon has been low customer turnover and consumer spending, and profits for hotels, which has in turn led to overhead costs reduction by hotels. Employees consider such uncertain situations threatening to their careers and also this has negative impact on their training and development which has lead to lower employees’ motivation. Despite of the uncertainties in the employment market, employees in the hospitality industry are found to display lower level of loyalty to their employers. This could have severe impact on hotels performance and therefore, this problem is therefore at the crux of investigation in the proposed research, which needs to be investigated particularly in the context of luxury hotels that operate at high pricing and operating costs and place greater dependency on their employees for delivering high quality of services to their customers. This study can be achieved by investigation employee motivation in different luxury hotels and comparing them for its effects on customer satisfaction. The primary objective of the proposed research is to investigate levels of employee motivation in selected luxury hotels and its impact on customer satisfaction. The secondary objective is to explore the extent of both financial and non-financial factors contributing to employee motivation. Motivation has been defined by many in various possible ways. One definition states, â€Å"it is the process that arouses, energizes, directs, and sustains behavior and performance† (Stajkovic & Luthans, 1998). Another way of explaining motivation is put forth by Zaphiris & Ang (2009) as it is an inner willingness or desire of individuals,

Care of Vulnerable people Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Care of Vulnerable people - Essay Example One of the reasons that might result in schizophrenia are genes associated with the family where the man comes from, which caused alteration of the brain structure. Secondly, the man can be born with a risk of developing mental illness when he attempts to use harmful drugs such as illicit drugs. Often, depressions such as family tensions may cause mental illness to be developed by the persons (Calder, 2010). This condition of schizophrenia is of priority to the country so much since it needs to intervene by ensuring there is education regarding those who have this kind of mental illness. The patient may recover as he can learn topics that enable him to adapt to changes needed to manage the disease and acquires life skills. It is a concern of the government since it hires the personnel (Lambert, Naber & Killackey, 2012). Nurses also play the important roles in efforts of fighting against schizophrenia. One of the roles is that they give patients medicines that decrease symptoms by equalizing the chemical in the brain. The nurses also offer support to the affected (Frank & Cobb, 2005). Vulnerability is defined both as psychological and physiological. Psychological vulnerability is a trend of developing panic disorder over harmful occasions or even additional alerts that arise from experiences, which have predictions and control. Biological vulnerability is a tendency of a body of a person to be neurobiological much reactive to stress. This client diagnosed with schizophrenia is at a high risk since they exhibit a greater frequency neurological signs, which are not accurate at an early development of the children of the affected parents. Risk is the chances of having effects such as illness to occur as a result of physical or biological factors over a specified period. On the other hand, resilience is the ability of someone to adapt to depressions and stress in a proper way. Risk increases high chances of

EA Enables Process Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

EA Enables Process Paper - Essay Example In this scenario, the basic purpose of implementing EA in an organization is to identify how an organization can most efficiently and successfully attain its current and future goals (TechTarget, 2005; NIH, 2011). This paper presents a detailed overview of enterprise architecture (EA). This paper will discuss how enterprise architecture works, and its support and capabilities for the businesses. Enterprise Architecture (EA) In the past few years, Enterprise Architecture has appeared as a latest emerging IT trend. (Finneran, 1998) divides the definition of enterprise architecture in two parts. In the first part he defines an enterprise while in another he discusses about architecture. According to his point of view, an enterprise refers to a business organization, which includes a standard and identified collection of interrelated business operations, however they can work as an autonomous, separate entity. In addition, an enterprise can encompass more enterprises. For example, a busi ness department in the large organization can be acknowledged as an enterprise if it can operate independently. On the other hand, architecture presents the fundamental architecture, which outlines the platform required by the enterprise to achieve its goals and business vision (Finneran, 1998; Buchanan, 2010). Figure 1Graphical Representation of EA, Image Source: (Finneran, 1998) In addition, an EA provides the organizations with a strategic method for managing and planning IT resources and making the best use of partial IT assets. Additionally, the enterprise architecture points out prospects for reforming of better business procedures and information flows. Hence, the enterprise architecture helps the organizations in optimizing the interrelationships and interdependencies between the programs and services of the department with outside agencies. Moreover, the enterprise architecture encourages dedication to department-wide principles and standards comprising those for systems pr ivacy and security; and pinpoints and determines issues of data utility, availability, access and quality (Finneran, 1998; Buchanan, 2010). The EA program supports the other IT management processes of an organization The enterprise architecture system helps organizations organize a shared, collaborative planning process. In fact, enterprise architecture system works with business and IT stakeholders to describe a future-state idea in scenario of principles, requirements and models. They then contrast the future-state idea of the present state, recognize gaps and plan investments to accomplish them. Though, the enterprise architecture is not IT-focused process, however it is business-driven and wide-ranging tool for better system design. In addition, a successful enterprise architecture application will facilitate the business organizations in their IT investments with long-term policy; minimize risk, offer quality information and engineer compatible solutions and technical services (Finneran, 1998; Buchanan, 2010). Enterprise Architecture supports system development life cycle (SDLC) New technology based enterprise architecture offers a wide-ranging and unified picture of present

Professional and Academic Goals Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Professional and Academic Goals - Coursework Example e process of handling these diseases requires networking and information exchange among medical practitioners, characterized by provision of orders and directions from experienced medical experts. Therefore, it would be inappropriate for the author/writer of the post to claim that his/her intention to study pathphysiology and its treatment is a means of being autonomous, without being instructed by doctors. The writer to this post seems to have been driven by passion towards being a professional nurse. He says that his experience as a nurse has made him learn more; it has also given him the desire to seek more knowledge on how to handle issues ascribed to human life. This is an appropriate strategy towards selecting a course or a college that offers a specific course. The nursing field is characterized by both physical and mental challenges especially among the nurses. This means that the nurses have to persevere some conditions in order to save human’s life; therefore they must be not only be driven by the desire to access the physical benefits associated with being a nurse, but also the passion to work in this complex disciplinary to save human’s

The Film Doctor Zhivago Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Film Doctor Zhivago - Essay Example Primarily, an entire social order is devastated and another of a cruel, forceful system is created to replace it. But such events are merely shown in a handful and violently acted parts that are shoved abruptly through a scene of the personal tragedy and afterward are as hastily inhibited. The greatest portion of this film is dedicated to the romantic view of the emotional connection and personal miseries of a few bourgeois who are inhumanely troubled and damaged by the larger forces of change. It seems that this tragic love story is the theme upon which the film has decided to resolve the pressures of personal drama and spiritual tension that overwhelmed the Pasternak narrative. I felt that the movie has taken for granted the massive disorder of the Russian Revolution for the sake of displaying the ordinariness and triviality of a hopeless love affair. Â  An entire social order is devastated and another of a cruel, forceful system is created to replace it. But such events are merel y shown in a handful and violently acted parts that are shoved abruptly through a scene of the personal tragedy and afterward are as hastily inhibited. The greatest portion of this film is dedicated to the romantic view of the emotional connection and personal miseries of a few bourgeois who are inhumanely troubled and damaged by the larger forces of change. It seems that this tragic love story is the theme upon which the film has decided to resolve the pressures of personal drama and spiritual tension that overwhelmed the Pasternak narrative.

Professional and Academic Goals Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Professional and Academic Goals - Coursework Example e process of handling these diseases requires networking and information exchange among medical practitioners, characterized by provision of orders and directions from experienced medical experts. Therefore, it would be inappropriate for the author/writer of the post to claim that his/her intention to study pathphysiology and its treatment is a means of being autonomous, without being instructed by doctors. The writer to this post seems to have been driven by passion towards being a professional nurse. He says that his experience as a nurse has made him learn more; it has also given him the desire to seek more knowledge on how to handle issues ascribed to human life. This is an appropriate strategy towards selecting a course or a college that offers a specific course. The nursing field is characterized by both physical and mental challenges especially among the nurses. This means that the nurses have to persevere some conditions in order to save human’s life; therefore they must be not only be driven by the desire to access the physical benefits associated with being a nurse, but also the passion to work in this complex disciplinary to save human’s

Sociology Class - Paragraph Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sociology Class - Paragraph - Essay Example At the core of every international relation, global commerce, everyday life, etc. is the question how the reality is constructed in the society. Thus, understanding the social construction of reality helps in realizing how and why certain news issues (such as the dumping of oil off the California coast) end up ‘on the cutting room floor,’ never making it into the mainstream news. As David M. Newman maintains, â€Å"the social construction of reality (truth, knowledge, and so on) is the process by which reality is discovered, made known, reinforced and changed by members of society†¦ Not all of us possess the same ability to define reality. Individuals and groups in positions of power have the ability to control information, define values, create myths, manipulate events, and ultimately influence what others take for granted†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Newman, 41) Therefore, it is fundamental to comprehend that the social construction of reality is based on various factors that affect the social life. Similarly, individuals and groups, politics, economic interests, values, ethics, other interests etc. determine how and why certain news issues affecting the society are constructed and maintained.

Theories of Decision Making Essay Example for Free

Theories of Decision Making Essay Theories of Decision Making The Rational Comprehensive Model The rational comprehensive model is based on the reasoning of economists, mathematicians, and psychologists. It assumes that the decisionmaker can identify the problem, that the decisionmaker’s goals, values, and objectives are clear and ranked in accord with their importance, that alternative ways of addressing the problem are considered, that the cost and benefits or advantages and disadvantages of each alternative are investigated, that alternatives and their consequences can be compared with other alternatives, and that the decisionmaker will choose the alternative that maximizes the attainment of his or her goals, values, and objectives. However, problems are not always clearly defined; problems have to be formulated in a way which enables people to make decisions about them. Decisionmakers must have vast amounts of information in order to make use of the rational comprehensive decision-making technique. There needs to be an ability to predict the future consequences of decisions made. Also, problems confronting decisionmakers often embody conflicting values. In addition, it is tough to ignore the sunk costs of former decisions, these may foreclose many alternatives. Moreover, this model of decisionmaking assumes that there is one (unitary) decisionmaker, when in fact a great many people, interests and institutions are usually involved. The Incremental Theory Attempts to correct deficiencies of the rational comprehensive model and to better describe how policy decisionmakers actually behave have resulted in incremental theory. Incremental theory holds that the selection of goals and objectives is intertwined with, not distinct from, the scientific analysis of the problem. Decision makers only consider alternatives for dealing with a problem that differs marginally (incrementally) from existing policies (suggesting that they do not completely remake policy every time they make a policy decision, but instead refashion existing policy). For each alternative, only important consequences are considered. Problems confronting the decisionmaker are continually redefined. Constant ends-means and, means-ends adjustments are made to better manage policy. Seldom are there ever single decisions or totally correct solutions available to resolve a problem. A good decision is one that policy makers can agree on, not one that may be most appropriate for an agreed objective. Incremental decisionmaking is remedial, not holisticly-devised or future-oriented. Rarely are decisions faced in all or nothing terms. Mixed Scanning Okay, this one is pretty simple. Sociologist Amitai Etzioni (you need only remember his last name) found fault with both the rational-comprehensive model of decisionmaking and the incremental model of decisionmaking. His mixed scanning approach considers both fundamental and incremental decisions. Mixed scanning incorporates a broad-based analysis sometimes and an in-depth analysis at other times. It considers the differing capacities of decisionmakers. Etzioni’s approach is not very specific about how mixed scanning could be used in practice. Decision Criteria Decisions can be studied as an individual or collective process. First, consider the role of values in decisionmaking. Values are a big deal in Presidential campaigns: witness Dan Quayle and â€Å"Murphy Brown† squabbling over values projected by a fictional TV character who elects to have a child out of wedlock. Much of the Clinton vs. Dole 1996 Presidential campaign involved disputes about values big government vs. small government, pro-life vs. pro-choice, and pro-gun control vs. antigun control, et cetera. Values Below are five categories of values which sometimes guide decisionmakers. Organizational Values Decision makers, especially bureaucrats, are influenced by organizational values. Sometimes agencies use rewards and sanctions in subtle ways to induce their members to act in accordance with organizational values. Wearing a common uniform—as do the police, firefighters, the military, the Park Service and the Forest Service, et cetera—is one way those organizations attempt to build common values among their workers. Organizational values involve the promotion of organizational interests in the decisionmaking of those in the collectivity. Professional Values The norms of one’s profession instill values that are often critical in decisionmaking. Lawyers (believe it or not), doctors, professors, and other occupational specialization’s requiring years of training, education, and ork experience embody professional norms or values that shape decisionmaking behavior. Personal Values This can involve personal ambitions, reputation, and self-interest. Note that rational choice theorists put far too much weight on explaining the behavior of individuals in terms of self-interest. This is understandable because so much of self-interest is tied to economic gain, which can be modeled in elegant, mathematical, and abstract terms. Policy Values This means acting on the basis of perceived public interest or acting in accordance with beliefs about what is proper, ethical, necessary, or morally correct. The Small Business Administration is filled with people who are likely to believe that small businesses are worthwhile, need help to survive, and promote beneficial public interests. Ideological Values Rationalizing and legitimizing actions on the basis of a political ideology (or belief system). Nationalism was a paramount ideology in explaining the behavior of many leaders (and average people) during Desert Shield and Desert Storm operations against Iraq. Conservatism and liberalism, although over-used and often misunderstood as American political ideologies, manifest ideological values. Political Party Affiliation Party membership is interwoven with leadership influence, policy values, and ideological values. However, the Republican and Democratic parties are mass membership parties that seek to appeal to an extremely broad range of political interests and ideologies. Also, party members are not nearly as cohesive in voting as they once were (more people vote split tickets than vote along straight party lines). Party is still a pretty good predictor of how most legislators will vote on a bill. Parties are sometimes associated with specific policy positions. Constituency Interests When party interests conflict with constituency interests, legislators usually vote in favor of their constituency interests. A legislator’s constituency is made up of the voters and key interests that elected him or her to office. Legislators are delegates sometimes, and trustees other times. As delegates they decide matters in accordance with the views of the majority of their constituents or in accordance with a vital block of back-home interests. As delegates they attempt to anticipate the feelings and sentiments of their constituents. When legislators behave as trustees, they consider interests beyond their constituencies. They may think about National interests, the greater public good, international issues, broadbased economic concerns, charity, future generations, interests with little or no political representation, and protecting the National and global environment, et cetera. Public Opinion Public opinion usually has an impact on policy decisionmaking when decisions involve broad direction or thrust. Most members of the general public have a very limited knowledge of what policy makers are considering. Public opinion does impact foreign policy in a broad sense. Deference Deferring to the judgment of others occurs when administrators obey the wishes of their politically appointed superiors, or when legislators vote in accordance with the wishes of the top representatives or senators who head key committees or subcommittees. Judges defer when they interpret laws in accordance with the wishes of the legislative originators of the statute. Decision Rules Stare decisis is sometimes a decision rule. It means new decisions are often based on precedents in decisionmaking that came before. It also applies to committee decisionmaking dynamics. THE PUBLIC INTEREST This is tough to define. It is sometimes thought of as the outcome of competing interest group forces. The public interest may involve decisionmaking aimed at helping the Nation as a whole, rather than seeking to benefit selfish special interests. Some may argue that reducing the Federal deficit or balancing the Federal budget advances the public interest. Some may reason that maintaining the Nation’s capacity to mobilize and respond to disaster threats is in the public interest.

Impact Of Teaching Methods On Student Satisfaction

Impact Of Teaching Methods On Student Satisfaction The purpose of the study is to determine the impact of teaching methods on Student satisfaction. The aim of the research is to identify the techniques that hold great importance and are effective for teachers today when it comes to changing their teaching methodologies and techniques in order to make the students keener towards learning and hence, enhancing their satisfactions in this regard. We will use the survey method to conduct our research mainly consisting of structured questionnaires given to the respondents. Linear Regression Method would be used for analysis. Our population is Students of IBA Lahore. Our research would help to identify those methods that can have a great influence on the satisfaction of todays students. Introduction In this research, we intend to find if there is really an impact of different teaching methods on students satisfaction or not. Institutions now a days are focusing more on using variety of teaching methods to enhance the interest of students in class which ultimately results in increased student satisfaction. Our research would try to find out what methods if any, exist, that may result in enhancing the satisfaction level of students. Several factors affect this satisfaction. This research holds great important since we all know the fact that as a satisfied customer is highly important for any organization. Similarly, a satisfied student deems to have a great worth for an educational institution. We will first define Teaching methods(Palmer, Parker,(n.d)) itself as: A mechanism that comprises of different principles and techniques used for instruction. Commonly used teaching methods may include class participation, demonstration, recitation, memorization, or a combination of the above. The choice of an appropriate teaching method depends largely on the information being taught plus the skills of the perspective teacher who has the responsibility of guiding students in that particular area. It may also be influenced by the aptitude and enthusiasm of the student.So, we can infer from the definition of variety of teaching methods (Brandt, R.S., Meek, A. (Eds.,1990): Discovery of new ideas and concepts of teaching in accordance to the methods and techniques of the changing world rather than just relying on only one source of information(e.g. Textbooks only); and to improve the learning of the students by creating interest in the subject and the curiosity to learn; and developing the creativity in the students within themselves. And most importantly to make the student understand that how the knowledge being taught in the class stand up in the real world. Student motivation is quite important to student learning and satisfaction. This motivation can be intrinsic (from within) or extrinsic. Highly motivated students tend to try harder and achieve better educational results (Brewer Burgess, 2005). Highly motivated students also tend to be more satisfied with their education (Jones, 2008; Roebkin, 2007). Student satisfaction is important because it serves as a common measure of the performance of instructors and universities and to some extent, as a measure of student adjustment or success (Jones, 2008). It may also contribute to student retention (Suhre, Jansen, Harskamp,2007). Furthermore, psychologists have found that students will feel satisfied when they would aquire knowledge; develop useful skills which would result in their enhanced self confidence. For example, Aitken (1982) found that academic performance is one of the most important factors in determining satisfaction, and Pike (1991) concludes that satisfaction exerts greater influence on grades than academic performance on satisfaction. According to Bandura [1977] and Schunk [1991], learners use self-regulatory attributes to control their personal learning processes and self-efficacy influences choice, efforts, and volition. Successful students seem to have an ability to motivate themselves to complete a task, while the less successful ones have difficulty in developing self-motivational skills (Dembo Eaton, 2000) Literature review Students are the customers of the university and like any other organization; it is the responsibility of the university to satisfy its customers. It is obvious that student satisfaction for any university holds immense value for the students and the providers. Some universities routinely measure satisfaction while some not. Additionally, most of zthose measurements are not used for marketing planning, evaluation and controlling (Piercy, 1995). According to Elliott Shin (2002, p. 197) focusing on student satisfaction not only enables universities to re-engineer their organizations to adapt to student needs, but also allows them to develop a system for continuous monitoring of how effectively they meet student needs. So, student satisfaction is important for the development of a culture of continuous quality improvement. In the present research, the impact of teaching methods on the satisfaction level of students will be investigated. It will be hypnotized that different teaching met hods bring different level of changes in the students overall satisfaction. We have sought down different teaching methods that may have an everlasting impact on the satisfaction of students. We would be considering these four methods: Class Discussions, Activities (Within and Outside the Class), Usage of Multimedia, Case studies. There are also certain characteristics associated with this satisfaction and the overall education experience. They can be best illustrated by the help of the following figure 1: Figure 1(http://outcomes.ceiss.org/Publications) The concept of Student Satisfaction is adapted from Herzberg theory of Motivation-Hygiene (Two Factor Theory); and it has the following dimensions which include: Achievement, Responsibility and Growth of students. To see the most important aspect of student satisfaction affected by teachers use of various teaching methods. To understand the impact of student satisfaction on student performance and in the end the performance of the whole educational institution. To improve the creative learning skills of the students in IBA, Lahore. Classroom Discussions: In a research article by Leda Nath and Lawrence Anderson (2007), the effects of a classroom discussion technique on student satisfaction were studied. Results revealed that when classroom discussion technique was used, the students in that class were found to be significantly more satisfied than students in the class where the technique was not used. Studies conducted over time(Davidson), (Slavin), (Webb) have revealed that classroom discussion has been observed as a positive way of learning. Goodman said that discussion in the classroom helps teach students about cultural diversity. This mainly happens because students in any class belong to diverse backgrounds. This helps them in knowing what sorts of cultures exist and enables them to understand the aspects told by fellows belonging to different cultures. (Burchfield, 1999) argue that discussion in the classroom is important enough that it should be portrayed to students as a critical element in success. VanDeWeghe (2005) argues t hat discussion plays a critical role in students literacy development. Voelkls (1995) found that participation in discussion is closely linked to course grades, a variable related to student satisfaction. Others (Hutchinson Beadle, 1992) have found that students who did not participate in discussions in class were at a disadvantage relative to those who did. Anderson (2007) states that student satisfaction is not only based on the teaching methods but there are several other factors such as independence of expressing the ideas and their thoughts. It will help in building or decreasing the satisfaction level of a student. Activities (Within and Outside the Class) Various activities if conducted within the class and outside do lead to enhanced satisfaction because they increase the exposure of the students. It is quite natural that when students would feel the sense of achieving newer things, they would automatically be motivated to take part because they would be having a feeling of becoming more knowledgeable and practical and that is what the modern world expects us to be. Activities within the classroom would mean presenting students with various issues and ideas and then seeing how every individual student or groups of students perform regarding the issue. Outside the class activities would be diverse, ranging from educational trips to educational surveys. All activities would in one way or the other help the students experiencing new arenas of knowledge leading to increased satisfaction.(Hoyt, 1999). Usage of Multimedia Due to the impact and influence of information technology on society and education, computer-assisted teaching is becoming the trend in modern teaching. These days, teachers are trying to create interest in their lectures through the usage of multimedia while delivering their lectures. This enables the teacher to carry techniques such as simulations, videos, slide shows with interest generating colours and backgrounds, different animationswhile using the multimedia. How ever it makes student sleepy when they dont have to take notes. Case Study: Another useful technique which can lead to students being satisfied and in turn achieving excellent results is to provide them with case studies. Case studies are one way to provide the students with detailed knowledge about any certain issue. Students when told about the facts of those subjects which hold great importance and interest in their lives are very keen to know about them in detail and this detail is communicated to them via case studies. Sometimes, students are even asked to prepare case studies about certain areas themselves. This makes them search for every bit and detail to prepare a comprehensive case study. As preeminent case study teacher C. Roland Christensen(1987) points out in his analysis of case discussion, student involvement develops on at least three distinct levels: At the first level, students explore a problem by sorting out relevant facts, developing logical conclusions, and presenting them to fellow students and the instructor. The students discuss someone elses problem; their role I that of the commentator-observer in a traditional academic sense (Christensen, 1987). On the second level, students can be assigned roles in the case, and take on perspectives that require them to argue for specific action from a characters point of view, given their interests and knowledge. Finally, on the third level, students will take the initiative to become fully involved, so that topics are no longer treated as abstract ideas, but become central to the students sense of self. (TEACHING, 1994) According to the article written by John Foran (1997), a professor of sociology, the case method is a student-centred, highly-interactive pedagogy that changes the classroom process.He himself changed his teaching method from traditional lectures to case studies. He wrote in his article that he aimed to encourage debate and the developmentof critical skills in his students. For this, he adopted the use of case studies in teaching and has been see the changes in students that he aimed for. He also mentioned that: Class discussion of cases is intimidating to some students, and working in a group is unfamiliar to many, as well. Students were learning to work with each other in groups. This learning was again of great importance for a student and increases his level of satisfaction. It is valuable for a student to feel a positive change in him in the form of improved analytical skills and discussion with justification. This increased satisfaction improves the performance of student in the class. The Research Paradigm Research paradigm is the framework for thinking or a school of thought about how research ought to be conducted. There are different issues a researcher encounters while deciding the research methodology, some of the dichotomies are: Positivist versus Interpretive Quantitative versus Qualitative Induction and Deduction Experimental versus Non Experimental This descriptive study on impact of teaching methods on student satisfaction can be safely regarded as following positivist, quantitative, deductive and non-experimental research paradigm. According to positivist research paradigm, the truth the researcher is aiming at has to be understood within a framework of principles and assumptions of science. This paradigm is used when variables related to the research can be identified and isolated. In our study, we identified the variables from the literature review and based on that, we proceeded to find out whether they hold true for the selected sample. It is because in the light of previous researches conducted, we came out to the conclusion that different teaching methods have an impact on student satisfaction. These methods fall under the category of conceptual learning. The data collected through our questionnaire is numeric. We will use the descriptive statistics in order to analyze the data. Hence, quantitative research paradigm hol ds true for our study. It is a non-experimental research because environment is not being controlled by the researchers. Research Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of using a variety of teaching methods on the satisfaction level of students studying at IBA, Lahore. We intend to find if there is an impact of different teaching methods on students satisfaction or not. Institutions, now a days are focusing more on using variety of teaching methods to enhance the interest of students in class which ultimately results in increased student satisfaction. In defining the objectives of the study, our assumption regarding various teaching methods include: case study method, class discussion, activities and use of multi-media. A careful review of the research question led to the development of the research objectives stated as: To find the preference between conventional and conceptual mode of teaching. To find the most effective teaching method in terms of student satisfaction. To find the level of effectiveness against each teaching method. To find the most important aspects of student satisfaction achieved through various teaching methods. To find the most enhanced skill by the use of various teaching methods. Primarily we are testing if conventional and conceptual teaching methods have same impact on student satisfaction or not. In this test, we will further explore the extent to which variety of teaching methods affects the satisfaction of students. Each teaching method is further tested on account of its effectiveness. The various teaching methods discussed establish and enhances certain aspects of student satisfaction. Each of the method is rated against each aspect to know the most affected one. We have divided the skills of students into three broad categories, i.e. analytical skills, social skills and communication skills. The most enhanced skill because of the use of the various teaching methods is identified against each method. Hypothesis of Our Study: Ho: Conventional and conceptual teaching methods has same effectiveness on the student learning H1 : Conventional and conceptual teaching methods have different effectiveness on the student learning H0: There is no difference in BBA, MBA and Pgd and MBA executive students opinion regarding the conceptual teaching method effectiveness. H1: There is a different in the BBA, MBA and Pgd and MBA executive students opinion regarding the conceptual teaching method effectiveness Ho:Use of various teaching methods will have no impact on development of various skill H1: :Use of various teaching methods will have an impact on development of various skills We have defined the variables as follows: Name of variable Type of variable Various Teaching methods Independent Student Satisfaction Dependent Methodology: The Constructs to measure student satisfaction are achievement, responsibility and work commitment of the student. Our assumption regarding various teaching methods include: case study method, class discussion, activities and use of multi media. Use of multi-media Student satisfaction Various Teaching Methods Case Study Activities Class DiscussionConceptual Framework Research Methodology: In our research we have used the Survey method as our research design; the survey will be conducted through questionnaires; and the respondents of the study will be the students of IBA. We will use probability sampling to select our sample from the population in order to make it a true representative of the population. Methods of Procedure: We have used the Survey method to conduct our study. Survey will be based on Structured Questionnaire which will include close ended questions. The data from the respondents will be collected by Likert Scale because we have to measure construct (students responsibility, growth and achievement); and qualitative information is needed to be transformed into quantitative data, As we are finding the perception of the student regarding various teaching method that can effect their level satisfaction. The SPSS will be used to analyse the information collected through the questionnaire. Respondents of the research will be the students of IBA Lahore. Sample Size and Description: Study Population: Students of IBA, Lahore. Sampling Frame: List of all the students studying in all the disciplines of IBA, Lahore. Sample Size: Expected respondents of our study are 30. Sampling Technique: The sampling will be based on probability sampling as we are having the sampling frame. Multi-stage cluster Sampling technique will be followed to divide the various disciplines of IBA into clusters; and then we will choose the respondents randomly from these clusters. There will be three clusters namely Pgd and MBA executive, BBA and MBA. A sample size of 10 respondents from each cluster will be selected. Data will be largely collected through questionnaire survey; Sample size will be 30, as per the project requirement. Sampling technique will be: Quota based on various degree program in IBA MBA BBA Pgd and MBA executive Total Number of Subjects 10 10 10 30 Within each quota, 10 respondents will be approached for data collection. These will be randomly selected within each quota. Proposed data categories in questionnaire: Questions in the survey attempt to provide data in the following dimensions. Demographic profile Question 1 Business program profile Question 2 Preference of teaching method Question 3 Effectiveness among various teaching method Question 4,5 Finding important aspects of student satisfaction through various teaching methods Question 6 Finding most enhanced skill by use of various teaching methods Question 7 Use of various teaching methods: In this category, it will be discovered that how much a teacher is creative in use of teaching methods and how much a student prefers a teacher being creative. Such as: What type of method of teaching is used by teacher and whether student likes that method? What type of tools a teacher used as assistant for teaching? If teacher provide only bookish knowledge, whether that is enough according to view point of students? How much teacher focused on original work in assignments and projects? What value a student will achieve by the teacher providing knowledge? What types of expectations are of a teacher towards the learning of student? Whether he focuses on cramming or wants a permanent change in behaviour of student which gives him value in practical world? Student Satisfaction: The second category of questionnaire will be student satisfaction which includes the following dimensions: Achievement Responsibility Growth With the help of these dimensions, the satisfaction of students will be found out. If the Use of various teaching methods increases the achievement, responsibility and growth of student then it will be resulted in his satisfaction. Thus the students will be the main focus of our study and will be reflected in the questionnaire. Therefore in questionnaire the questions will be related to achievement, responsibility and growth such as: If teacher said to do original work in assignments, no copy paste, whether that will increase the internal value of a student? If teacher endow with creative work to do, whether that increase a sense of responsibility of a student? Conceptual work not only enhances thinking out of box but also endow to grades and scholarships. Is student agreed or not? If teacher increase technology in his teaching method, then student learning ability will increase or not? Which method of teaching student like: Conceptual system Concrete system (Conventional) So these are the proposed categories of our questionnaire through which the aim of study will be achieved: Whether Use of various teaching methods by a teacher has an impact on student satisfaction? Scheduling of Research Project: Project Stages Time Period Defining Research Problem 4days Literature Review 7days Planning a Research Design 6days Planning a Sample 5days Scheduling and Costing of Research: Project Stages Expected Time Period Cost in PRs. Gathering the Data 5days 650 Processing and Analyzing the Data 6days 150 Formulating Conclusionsand Preparing Report 5days 300 Time line : Start Fri 01-10-12 Finish Wed 10-12-12 1 Oct 12 08 Oct 12 23 Oct 12 25 Nov 12 2 Dec 12 9 Dec 12 10 Dec 12 Defining Research problem Sat 02-10-12 Wed 14-09-11 Literature review Thu 03-10-12 Fri 08-10-12 Planning a research design Mon 16-10-11 -Mon 23-10-12 Data analysis and conclusion Thu 06-11-12 Tue 11-11-12 Gathering the Data Wed 25-11-12 Tue 1-12-12 Processing and gathering of Data Wed 2-12-12 Wed 7-12-12 Formatting and completion of report Monday 09-12-12 Start Fri 01-10-12 Data Analysis: As our research is correlation in nature we have to analyze the relationship between independent and dependent variable. We will use linear regression method e.g. teachers who add creativity by use of various teaching methods, while teaching helps students in achieving something. And as a result the students are satisfied; and it can be shown by the help of graphs linear relationship. The teacher who adds creativity in his teaching by using various teaching methods will determine a positive correlation and positive regression with A resulting in S as compared to teacher who lacks creativity. Univariate Table Of Independent Variable: Various Teaching methods VARIOUS TEACHING METHODS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE MULTIMEDIA 11 36% CASE STUDY 4 13% ACTIVITIES 9 30% CLASS DISCUSSION 6 20% TOTAL 30 100% Interpretation: Univariate Table Of Dependent Variable: Student Satisfaction DEGREE OF STUDENT SATISFACTION FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE HIGH 11 36% MEDIUM 11 36% LOW 8 28% TOTAL 30 100% Bivariate Table: Impact Of Various Teaching Methods on Student Satisfaction STUDENT SATISFACTION VARIOUS TEACHING METHODS MULTIMEDIA CASE STUDIES DISCUSSION ACTIVTIES TOTAL FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY % FREQUENCY % FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE HIGH 7 64% 3 75% 5 56% 2 33% 11 36% MEDIUM 2 18% 1 25% 2 22% 1 17% 11 36% LOW 2 18% 0 0% 2 22% 3 50% 8 28% TOTAL 11 100% 4 100% 9 100% 6 100% 30 100% Data gathering and analysis: For the positivist research paradigm and quantitative approach, one of the most widely used techniques is survey questionnaire. Data from our questionnaire is self-reported and respondent completed. Variables measured in our research are: Table A1 Variables Level of Measurement Coding Gender Nominal None Business Program Nominal 1: BBA 2: MBA 3: Pgd and MBA executive Preference of Learning Mode Scale 1: Strongly Disagree 2: Disagree 3: Neutral 4: Agree 5: Strongly Agree Effectiveness of Case Study Scale 1: Highly not Effective 2: Not Effective 3: Neutral 4: Effective 5: Highly Effective Effectiveness of Class Activities Scale 1: Highly not Effective 2: Not Effective 3: Neutral 4: Effective 5: Highly Effective Effectiveness of Class Discussion Scale 1: Highly not Effective 2: Not Effective 3: Neutral 4: Effective 5: Highly Effective Effectiveness of Multimedia Scale 1: Highly not Effective 2: Not Effective 3: Neutral 4: Effective 5: Highly Effective Satisfaction through Case Study Nominal 1: Curriculum Content 2: Quality of Instruction 3: Personal Growth Satisfaction through Class Activities Nominal 1: Curriculum Content 2: Quality of Instruction 3: Personal Growth Satisfaction through Class Discussion Nominal 1: Curriculum Content 2: Quality of Instruction 3: Personal Growth Satisfaction through Multimedia Nominal 1: Curriculum Content 2: Quality of Instruction 3: Personal Growth Skills developed through Case Study Nominal 1: Analytical Skills 2: Social Skills 3: Communication Skills Skills developed through Class Activities Nominal 1: Analytical Skills 2: Social Skills 3: Communication Skills Skills developed through Class Discussion Nominal 1: Analytical Skills 2: Social Skills 3: Communication Skills Skills developed through Multimedia Nominal 1: Analytical Skills 2: Social Skills 3: Communication Skills Data preparation involves certain activities like logging the data, checking the data for accuracy, developing a database structure, entering the data into computer and data transformations. Variables and coding of the data is explained in the above table. General techniques of data transformation include accounting for missing values, scale totals, item reversals, and categorizing responses. Descriptive statistics tools are applied on the data to find out different trends and choices made by subjects. Also, pictorial presentations are made to explain the findings. SPSS has been used to derive the findings of our research. Descriptive Conceptual Methods Table-1 N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error 95% Confidence Interval for Mean Minimum Maximum Lower Bound Upper Bound BBA 10 15.2000 1.03280 .32660 14.4612 15.9388 14.00 17.00 MBA 10 15.3000 2.83039 .89505 13.2753 17.3247 9.00 19.00 Pgd MBA executive 10 15.7000 1.70294 .53852 14.4818 16.9182 13.00 17.00 Total 30 15.4000 1.94049 .35428 14.6754 16.1246 9.00 19.00 ANOVA Conceptual Methods Table-2 Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 1.400 2 .700 .175 .840 Within Groups 107.800 27 3.993 Total 109.200 29 From the above tables the mean of different Business Programs, MBA (M=15.30), BBA (M=15.20) and Pgd MBA executive (M=15.7), where as F (2) =0.175, p>0.05 which shows that there is no significant difference among the various Business Program regarding the effectiveness and satisfaction of the Conceptual Method of Teaching. Hence we will accept our null hypothesis as there exists no difference in the opinion of the student belonging to BBA, MBA and Pgd and MBA executive regarding the effectiveness of the conceptual teaching methods. Table-3 Independe

Agent Orange :: Vietnam War Essays

Agent Orange In 1961, the United States began spraying herbicides in its military campaign to defoliate the jungles of southern Vietnam. Mimicking Smokey Bear, American pilots chuckled "Remember! Only you can prevent forests," as they dropped weed killers over target sites. But as research progressed, the true nature of the chemicals which they were spraying came to light. It is certainly no longer a laughing matter when it is realized that Agent Orange, a major herbicide used, could be as deadly to humans as it is to plants. The military research of herbicides dates back to World War II (1). Ineffectiveness prevented them from being used in the war. By the late 1950’s, however, herbicides developed could defoliate a large variety of plants. Naturally, they were thought to be a great weapon in combating jungle warfare. Applied to the Vietnam War, herbicides were used to defoliate the jungle and to destroy crops. Defoliation stripped the jungle of vegetation. Left barren, it no longer provided camouflage for the Viet Cong, their supply routes and base camps which would be more prone to aerial attacks. Crop destruction denied the communists of local food sources. This forced them to divert more resources to provide and transport foods other regions. But just as important, crop destruction also weakened enemy morale and forced villagers to move to cities where they could be more easily controlled. The program for spraying herbicides over Vietnam was code named Operation Trail Dust. It began in 1961 and peaked from 1967 to 1969 (2). Various methods were employed to systematically spray these chemicals. On ground, they were used by soldiers to clear the perimeters of their base camps. Riverboats were used to spray the riverbanks. Most damage to the jungle was done by air. The Air Force Operation Ranch Hand, as it was called, used C-123 cargo aircrafts and helicopters to drop the majority of the herbicides used. There were many types of herbicides used by the United States in Vietnam. Each was named after the color of the 4-inch band painted around the 55-gallon drums in which it was contained: Agent White, Purple, Blue, Green, Pink and Orange. In all, 19.4 million gallons of herbicides were used, 60% of which were Agent Orange (2). The effects of the sprayings on the jungle were immediately recognizable. Estimates show that six million acres or twenty percent of the entire land area of the Republic of South Viet Nam was covered with chemical poisons (3).

The Hunters: Moonsong Chapter Thirty-Two

Moonlight shone in the window, iluminating a long swath of Elena's bed. Meredith had tossed and turned for a while, but now Elena could hear her steady breathing. It was good that Meredith was sleeping. She was exhausting herself: working out constantly, patrol ing every night, making sure al her weapons were in prime condition, wild with frustration that they weren't able to find any solid clues as to the kil er's identity. But it was lonely being the only one awake. Elena stretched her legs under the sheets and flipped over her pil ow to rest her head on the cooler side. Branches tapped against the window, and Elena wiggled her shoulders against the mattress, trying to calm her busy mind. She wished Bonnie would come home. The tapping on the window came again, then again, sharp peremptory raps. Slowly, it dawned on Elena, a little late, that there weren't any trees whose branches touched that window. Heart pounding, she sat up with a gasp. Eyes black as night peered in the window, skin as pale as the moonlight. It took Elena's brain a minute to start working again, but then she was out of bed and opening the window. He was so quick and graceful that by the time she shut the window and turned around, Damon was seated on her bed, leaning back on his elbows and looking total y at ease. â€Å"Some vampire hunter she is,† he said cool y, looking over at Meredith as she made a soft whuffling sound into her pil ow. His gaze, though, was almost affectionate. â€Å"That's not fair,† Elena said. â€Å"She's exhausted.† â€Å"Someday her life might depend on her staying alert even when she's exhausted,† Damon said pointedly. â€Å"Okay, but today is not that day,† Elena said. â€Å"Leave Meredith alone and tel me what you've found out about Zander.† Sitting down cross-legged on the bed next to him, she leaned forward to give Damon her ful attention. Damon took her hand, slowly interlacing his fingers with hers. â€Å"I haven't learned anything definite,† he said, â€Å"but I have suspicions.† â€Å"What do you mean?† Elena said, distracted. Damon was stroking her arm lightly with his other hand, feather touches, and she realized he was watching her closely, waiting to see if she would object. Inwardly, she shrugged a little. What did it matter, after al ? Stefan had left her; there was no reason now to push Damon away. She glanced over at Meredith, but the dark-haired girl was stil deeply asleep. Damon's dark eyes glittered in the moonlight. He seemed to sense what she was thinking, because he leaned closer to her on the bed, pul ing her snugly against him. â€Å"I need to investigate a little more,† Damon said. â€Å"There's definitely something off about him and those boys he runs around with. They're too fast, for one thing. But I don't think Bonnie's in any immediate danger.† Elena stiffened in his arms. â€Å"What proof do you have of that?† she asked. â€Å"And it's not just Bonnie. If anyone's in danger, they have to be our top priority.† â€Å"I'l watch them, don't worry.† He chuckled, a dry, intimate sound. â€Å"He and Bonnie are certainly getting close. She seems besotted.† Elena twisted away from his careful hands, feeling anxious. â€Å"If he could be dangerous, if there's anything off about him the way you say, we have to warn her about him. We can't just sit by watching and waiting for him to do something wrong. By then, it might be too late.† Damon pul ed her back to him, his hand flat and steady against her side. â€Å"You already tried warning Bonnie, and that didn't work, did it? Why would she listen to you now that she's spent more time with him, bonding with him, and nothing bad's happened to her?† He shook his head. â€Å"It won't work, princess.† â€Å"I just wish we could do something,† Elena said miserably. â€Å"If I had gotten a look at the bodies,† Damon said thoughtful y, â€Å"I might have more of an idea of what could be behind this. I suppose breaking into the morgue is out of the question?† Elena considered this. â€Å"I think they've probably released the bodies by now,† she said doubtful y, â€Å"and I'm not sure where they'd take them next. Wait!† She sat up straight. â€Å"The campus security office would have something, wouldn't they? Records, or maybe even pictures of Christopher's and Samantha's bodies? The campus officers were al over the crime scenes before the police got there.† â€Å"We can check it out tomorrow, certainly,† Damon said casual y. â€Å"If it wil make you feel better.† His voice and expression were almost disinterested, provokingly so, and once again, Elena felt the strange mixture of desire and irritation that Damon often sparked in her. She wanted to shove him away and pul him closer at the same time. She had almost decided on shoving him away when he turned to look her ful in the face. â€Å"My poor Elena,† he said in a soothing murmur, his eyes glinting in the moonlight. He ran a soft hand up her arm, shoulder, and neck, coming to rest gently against her jawline. â€Å"You can't get away from the dark creatures, can you, Elena? No matter how you try. Come to a new place, find a new monster.† He stroked her face with one finger. His words were almost mocking, but his voice was gentle and his eyes shone with emotion. Elena pressed her cheek against his hand. Damon was elegant and clever, and something in him spoke to the dark, secret part of her. She couldn't deny that she was drawn to him – that she'd always been drawn to him, even when they first met and he scared her. And Elena had loved him since that winter night when she awoke as a vampire and he cared for her, protected her, and taught her what she needed to know. Stefan had left her. There was no reason why she shouldn't do this. â€Å"I don't always want to get away from the dark creatures, Damon,† she said. He was silent for a moment, his hand stroking her cheek automatical y, and then he kissed her. His lips were like cool silk against hers, and Elena felt as if she had been wandering for hours in a desert and had final y been given a cold drink of water. She kissed him harder, letting go of his hand to twine her fingers through his soft hair. Pul ing away from her mouth, Damon kissed her neck gently, waiting for permission. Elena dropped her head back to give him better access. She heard Damon's breath hiss through his teeth, and he looked into her eyes for a moment, his face soft and more open than she'd ever seen it, before he lowered his face to her neck again. The twin wasp stings of his fangs hurt for a moment, and then she was sliding through darkness, fol owing a ribbon of aching pleasure that led her through the night, led her to Damon. She felt his joy and wonder at having her in his arms without guilt, without reserve. In return she let him feel her happiness in him and her confusion over wanting him and stil loving Stefan, her pain at Stefan's absence. There was no guilt, not now, but there was a huge Stefan-shaped hole in her heart, and she let Damon see it. It's all right, Elena, she felt from him, not quite in words, but in a rock-solid contentment, like the purr of a cat. All I want is this.

Money or Happiness Essay

The general belief is that the rich tend to pamper their children by buying them all sorts of â€Å"toys†, while the poorer children do not do this because they cannot afford to. It is usually presented in stories- especially in movies – that rich children are bad while those from poorer families struggle all their lives. Consequently it may be believed that children from rich families are happier than those from poorer ones. This may be the case in some instances, but is definitely not always true. Children can be happy whether they are from rich or poor families. We hear of cases where poor families make all sorts of sacrifices so that their children – or one of them – can have a certain comfort. Fathers are known to work at extra jobs so that their children can have expensive toys for Christmas or for their birthdays. On the other hand, the children of the rich are not always given everything they want. Rich fathers are known to make their children work for a living and earn their pocket money. Other fathers have refused to give their children expensive toys so that they will learn the value of hard work. Hence it is not the riches of the parents that can make the children happy but what the parents do to the child. Happiness can never be equated with having money or having rich parents for that matter. It is possible that poor parents have a close relationship with their child. In this way the child has something far better; it has love. Having enough love, the child will be happy – at least much happier than if it did not receive love. On the other hand it is possible that the child of rich parents have everything she wants but does not get the love and concern that she needs. The parents of rich children are sometimes too busy spending their money and earning more. Often we hear stories of â€Å"poor little rich children†. Though many of the stories we hear are fiction, some of them are real indeed. Sometimes the parents of rich children believe that their child will be happy if he is provided with everything he needs. They try to substitute money for love and care. In such instances, the rich child can be very happy indeed. In addition, children brought up in this way tend to be very poor in relationships. They do not know how to value things like friendships. Such a child is poor indeed, in spite of being financially rich. Using money and surrounding himself with all sorts of toys the child is apt to grow up with the wrong sense of what is true happiness. Then one day when he realizes that money does not always buy happiness, he will not know which way to turn. Hence children from rich families may not always be happier than those from poorer families. In fact both are capable of being happy, with or without money.

Product Design at Regal Marine

VIDEO CASE STUDY PRODUCT DESIGN AT REGAL MARINE The 7-minute video available from Prentice Hall, filmed specifically for this text, supplements the written case. 1.? The concept of product life cycle applies to Regal Marine because Regal is constantly under pressure to introduce new prod-ucts—and those products have life cycles of relatively few years. As the video suggests, it is a matter of typically less than five years before a boat is out of style and its life cycle terminated. This is a long life cycle compared to a newspaper or magazine, but if you are the production manager it seems rather short. 2.? Regal Marine uses a strategy of product differentiation, which constantly introduces new products with new innovations and new styling to stay competitive in the luxury performance boat market. 3.? The cost and time saving at Regal Marine through use of CAD is typical of the use of CAD everywhere. It allows a variety of designs and styles to be tested very economically. The ratio of savings of engineering talent is about four to one. Most important-ly, it allows them to be creative economically and rapidly. 4.? The payoff from CAD is not only evident in efficiency, crea-tive designs, and styling but by production of the code necessary for the numerical machines, such as the machines used to make the plugs in Washington state and for those applications of the numerical control machines at Regal Marine. CAD also provides, as a by-product, very effective and comprehensive documentation of design variables.

Managing Communications, Knowledge and Information Essay

Managing Communications, Knowledge and Information - Essay Example Knowledge management and information flows within organizations form a critical link to its productivity and performance. However, effective knowledge management practices remain a distinctive challenge for organizations in the form of identifying the key information needs of the organization and developing effective systems for channelising the information flow across departments and business units. How does an organization define the need for knowledge and skills among its employees and what are the measures that it takes to equip the workforce with the desired skills? How can strategic planning in identifying information needs within each department or operational processes in the business and how can this help in meeting the organizational goals and objectives? These are some of the pertinent questions facing organizations and this paper focuses on providing an insight into strategies that can be adopted by an organization to meet its information needs and overall business object ives. The paper analyses the information needs and knowledge management strategies taken by Apple to meet one of its business objectives. On 22 August 2008, Apple launched the I-phone in India. The response they received from consumers was not as expected as hardly any consumers showed up. This was a bit disappointing as compared to the launches in other countries where there were thousands of consumers standing outside the stores to get their I-phones. It was identified that the lack of marketing led to not having enough consumers at the launch date. (Iphone in India, 2011) The graph below shows the Mac market share of Apple: Market share of Apple by geographic divisions (Source: OSXDaily, 2011) By looking at the above graph, we can see that the market share in Asia is 1.61%, out of which about half is China and the rest is India. Considering the population size, it may not seem as low but as compared to other continents, it is considerably low. With

Human relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Human relations - Essay Example When one enjoys healthy relationships with others, it affects one’s disposition, attitude and performance. Personal relationships have much power over an individual that when there are strained relationships outside of work, it usually affects how one performs at work. When a worker is emotionally weak and tend to dwell on the effects of a strained personal relationship outside work, he may not be able to concentrate well on his tasks, leading to lowered quality of performance and less productivity. On the other hand, if he enjoys fulfilling relationships both outside and at work, then, he becomes more stable in his performance, allowing him to focus well on his tasks and becomes driven to succeed. The same goes for conflicts with co-workers affecting one’s personal health and even the way he may release the job stress towards his family and friends. Being able to manage oneself and control impulses and emotional meltdown during challenging situations is a mark of a str ong person. If this is not mastered, then one will not be able to cope with the demands of the workplace where multiple conflicts and challenges abound. Chapter 2: Self-esteem and Self-Confidence Dubrin describes self-esteem as a sense of feeling worthwhile and the pride that comes from a sense of self-worth. When one has a healthy self-esteem, he feels good about himself and maintains a positive outlook on life. He develops favourable work attitudes and performs his task at a high level. This is because he believes that he is capable of being a competent worker that is why he is able to challenge himself more and more to validate his beliefs that he possesses the necessary skills for the job. However, if one suffers poor self-esteem, it gravely affects his disposition and work performance. There is a prevalent feeling of low self-worth that feeds on negativity. The individual cannot grasp the concept that he is an able human being and that he has unlimited potentials if only he bel ieves in himself and that he has innate gifts that can be developed. Enhancing self-esteem involves looking into one’s strengths and being proud of them. It is a good exercise to always find something positive about oneself when evaluating performance no matter how small it may be. For instance, when reflecting on a written work that may be filled with spelling mistakes, one can also point out that there were no grammatical errors. Somehow, this saves one from dwelling in the negative. Avoiding situations that threaten one’s self-esteem such as not participating in dance contests when one is admittedly awkward in dance movements is a wise move to preserve one’s self-esteem. Lastly, being with positive people who are able to boost the self-esteem of others is another thing that can be done to enhance one’s self-esteem. Having a healthy self-esteem leads to self-confidence, which is an important quality needed in both personal and professional growth. Self- confident people are more likely to be more effective in leadership and sales positions, as they set higher goals for themselves and strive to achieve those goals. Usually, such confidence comes from having several abilities that these individuals develop further and the positive feedback they receive from people even from the time when they were younger. One’s self-confidence is likely to be strengthened if he persists in doing better in the tasks assigned to him and he feels the