Economic Status in Turkey

 

According to Mango, once Turkey emerged from the ruins with the Ottoman Empire in 1923 under the leadership of Kemal Ataturk, "it was a poor agricultural region with virtually no industry" (54). Owens and Pamuk said that "industrialization and also the creation of a Turkish bourgeoisie were viewed as key ingredients of national economic development" (10). The 1920s have been pretty prosperous, but the Beneficial Depression resulted within the collapse of globe commodity prices for Turkey's agricultural exports. During the remainder from the 1930s, Turkey turned to statism, which Hale stated meant that "the state had a major responsibility for undertaking new industrial development" (55). It was responsible under successive 5 Year Plans for financing, constructing and managing infrastructure projects for instance railroads and industrial plants which have been "designed to reduce Turkey's needs for imported consumer and intermediate items utilizing domestic raw materials" (Hale 56). Although Turkey remained neutral, World War II's defense mobilization prices retarded additional development. From 1935 to 1950, Turkey achieved only modest average per annum rate of growth in GNP of 1.7 percent and remained an underdeveloped region with smaller industry (Hale 64)

The Yilmaz and Ecevit governments continued the war against the Kurdish separatists, which price over $40 billion due to the fact 1982 and more than 30,000 casualties (Down 44). That war and other spending on the military due to tensions inside the country resulted in around 20 percent of the budget getting spent on defense, the greatest among NATO countries and over twice spending on education. In 1998, the Economist reported that "on the battlefield, the Turks are now managing to contain the Kurds pretty well" (Down 44). In February 1999, Turkish paramilitary forces seized Kurdish leader Abdullah Ocalan, who was tried in Turkey for terrorist offenses. During the 1990s, cooperation between Turkey and Israel elevated in defense, exchange of intelligence, anti-terrorism, water and agriculture (Pryce-Jones 34). Tensions with Greece increased more than the latter's buy in 1996 of Russian anti-aircraft missiles which had been intended for Cyprus, but which, after Turkey threatened war, were diverted to Crete in 1998.

 

 

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