Notes for Enzymes & Metabolism
The information in this document covers the IB syllabus for topics 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 7.6, 8.1 and 8.2. (&C)
Enzymes
Enzyme: a globular protein molecule that accelerates a proper(postnominal) chemical reply. Enzymes are
biologic catalysts.
Active Site: the region of an enzyme surface that binds the substratum during the reaction catalyzed by
the enzyme.
Substrate: the reactant(s) in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction
Denaturation: a structural change in a protein that results in a redness of its biologic properties. The
loss of function is usually permanent.
Exergonic & Endergonic Reactions
Exergonic reactions are those in which the free readiness of the final express is less than the free energy of
the initial state. (-G) This represents energy that can be used to do biological work.
Endergonic reactions are those in which the free energy of the initial state is less than the free energy
of the final state. (+G)
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Enzymes increase the rate of exergonic reactions:
Exergonic reactions befall spontaneously, but do not necessarily occur quickly.
By lowering the
activation energy of the reaction, enzymes allow more substrate to be converted into product.
Enzymes increase the number of successful collisions amid reactant molecules.
Image from http://www.biology.arizona.edu/biochemistry/problem_sets/energy_enzymes_catalysis/graphics/q1ta.gif
A. De Jong/TFSS 2011
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HL Biology
Notes for Enzymes & Metabolism
Enzyme-Substrate Specificity
differentiate 1 the Lock & Key Model
Most enzymes are specific to a specific biochemical reaction. According to the lock and trace model,
this is due to the three-dimensional structure of the active site which is complemental to its substrate
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